Sravana
Hearing about the Lord, His names, qualities and activities.
Navadha Bhakti
Nine Forms of Bhakti
Devotional service can be expressed through hearing, chanting, remembering and serving.
Nine traditional practices
The list follows the traditional Navadha Bhakti enumeration.
Kirtana
Chanting and glorifying the Lord, including Nama Sankirtana.
Smarana
Remembering the Lord and cultivating devotional remembrance.
Pada-sevana
Serving the Lord’s lotus feet as described in the devotional tradition.
Archana
Worship through prescribed devotional offerings and practices.
Vandana
Offering prayers and respectful obeisances.
Dasya
Serving the Lord with the attitude of a devoted servant.
Sakhya
Cultivating a relationship of friendship with the Lord.
Atma-nivedana
Offering oneself in full surrender to the Lord.
Study further: Precise scriptural references and lineage-specific explanations will be added after editorial verification.
Where does chanting fit?
Kirtana is one of the nine practices, while hearing and remembering also naturally accompany attentive chanting. NamaAmrita places chanting at the centre of its practical tools and offers learning resources to support devotional study.